Grafting is a horticultural technique employed to merge parts from two plants, ensuring they grow as a single, enhanced entity. Primarily used in fruit tree propagation, grafting amalgamates the desirable traits of both the rootstock and the scion. Here’s an in-depth manual on how to graft trees effectively, focusing on the method of grafting under the bark.
1. Timing is Key:
- Optimal time: Late winter or early spring before sap flow (bud break) initiates, facilitating healing and growth during the growing season.
2. Selecting Scion and Rootstock:
- Scion: Choose a healthy, disease-free one-year-old scion with 2-3 buds.
- Rootstock: Ensure compatibility, health, and establishment. The rootstock size may vary based on the grafting method.
3. Essential Grafting Techniques:
- Whip Grafting: Suitable for similar-sized rootstocks and scions. Make matching diagonal cuts on both and join to align cambium layers.
- Cleft Grafting: Ideal for larger rootstocks. Create a vertical cut in the rootstock and insert a wedge-shaped scion.
- Bud Grafting (Budding): Insert a mature bud into a rootstock cut, commonly done in summer.
4. Grafting Under the Bark:
- Ideal for large rootstocks and when bark separates easily from the wood (spring).
- Process: Create a T-shaped cut in the rootstock bark, peel back flaps, and insert the scion with buds and a small wood piece. Secure the scion, ensuring contact with the rootstock cambium layer.
5. Post-Grafting Care:
- Seal the graft with wax or tape to prevent drying.
- Provide ample water, refrain from fertilizing until graft takes.
- Monitor for growth or failure, adjusting care as needed.
6. Tips for Success:
- Sanitize tools to prevent disease spread.
- Make precise cuts for optimal cambium contact.
- Label grafted plants for tracking.
- Exercise patience; grafts may take time to establish.
Grafting is a gratifying process, enabling gardeners to create unique fruit tree combinations or repair damaged trees. Understanding each method’s advantages aids in selecting the most suitable technique. With diligence and practice, successful and fruitful growth is achievable in your garden or orchard.